Recent
research suggests that more than half the US population is now allergic to
at least one common allergen. (1) These allergens include such foods
as wheat, dairy, soy, eggs, sugar, corn, and peanuts, and such
non-foods as dust mites, ragweed, and grass.
Why
are we all so allergic?
In
adults, allergy-related problems to non-foods are commonly listed as
various kinds of upper respiratory discomfort such as sneezing, itchy
eyes, running nose, post nasal drip, etc.; symptoms of food allergies are
generally thought of as some kind of digestive impairment such as stomach
upset or diarrhea. I would also include fatigue, general
toxicity, hypersensitivity to prescription drugs, scents, and the
environment in general as allergy-related symptoms. In children,
allergy symptoms might also include chronic infections, weakened immunity,
acute otitis media (AOM which is inflammation of the middle ear), and
attention deficit-type behavior problems. In fact, when interviewing
adults with allergy symptoms, I routinely question them regarding their
own childhood health experiences and almost always learn that they also
had some number of chronic ear infections, colds, bronchitis, asthma,
and/or plenty of antibiotic prescriptions.
This
is no coincidence. The chain of events that results in adult
allergies (and ultimately in even more serious immunity & toxicity
problems) begins very early in life. The symptom picture generally
changes from childhood to adulthood. The ear infections, asthma, and
the inability to focus of childhood turn into the seasonal allergies,
celiac disease, diabetes, depression/anxiety, or chronic fatigue of
adulthood. But the root causes remain the same.
A
bit like the chicken or the egg problem, it is difficult to point to a
starting point for this cascade of symptoms, but let's start at
birth. A recent review of 52 studies found that the introduction of
certain foods to infants increases the risk of food allergies, as well as
diabetes and celiac disease. (2) The American Academy of Pediatrics,
the World Health Organization and UNICEF all recommend exclusive breast
feeding for at least 6 months, followed by gradual introduction of solid
foods in the second half of the first year and continued breast feeding
for 12 months and beyond. This means that children who are
introduced to formulas and then solid foods too early in life are very
likely to put an increased burden on their immune system. The way
this works is that a food that enters the human body before the
digestive system has developed adequately to process and assimilate
it becomes a kind of "foreign invader" that the immune system
must react to. Remember, we're talking about a wee, tiny body and a
wee, tiny immune system. It doesn't take much of a dose or very long
for a food that is being seen by the body as an allergen-foreign-invader
to begin to burden and tire the immune system. So a daily dose of
cow's milk formula or really any kind of formula is all it takes, and
voila, an allergy is born. You can see this on the faces of even
very young children by the dark circles under their eyes.
On
to the egg and the chicken again. Adult women are exposed to various
elements in modern living that, in turn, are passed on to their
babies. This may happen during pregnancy and/or breast
feeding. For example, as adults we are all exposed to an
ever-increasing number of environmental pollutants and toxins.
Pesticides. Industrial waste. Pharmaceuticals in the water
supply and in the food chain. Preservatives. Some of these
chemicals are harmful to our immune systems. It is speculated that
the "toxin-soup" effect of combinations of chemicals might
simply overtax our immune systems, making them much more susceptible to
allergy.
Another
way the adult immune system is taxed is via the many processed foods that
are made from the same small list of ingredients (wheat, dairy, soy, eggs,
sugar, corn). As we eat these same foods over and over day after
day, they too can become a kind of "foreign invader" that
stimulates the immune system. In other words, the sheer
repetitive nature of our diets can become an immune stressor that over
time makes our immune systems weaker and again, more susceptible to
allergy.
High
fructose corn syrup is added to many, many processed foods. If you
have a sweet tooth and like to eat cookies or scones or breakfast cereal
or have a Starbuck's latte, chances are you're eating some high fructose
corn syrup every day. Because fructose is a highly reactive molecule
that can change the chemical structure of proteins when they are heated in
its presence, it is thought that these altered proteins can be much more
allergenic than proteins that haven't been changed molecularly in this
way.
Frequency
of antibiotic use also plays a role in overall immune function in both
children and adults. Antibiotics, of course, are used to kill
bacteria. This is a good thing when there are pathogenic, harmful
bacteria present that are causing illness. However, antibiotics are
not "smart" enough to distinguish between the "bad"
bacteria and the "good" bacteria. The human
gastro-intestinal tract has various strains of beneficial bacteria that
play a critical role in overall immune function. Taking antibiotics
kills these beneficial bacteria as well as the harmful bacteria.
Over time and repeated doses of antibiotics, particularly in children, the
immune system can become stressed and weakened, and more susceptible to
allergy. One recent study (3) found that asthma was significantly
more likely to develop in children who had received antibiotics in the
fist year of life. Interestingly, another study (4) found that
children with middle ear infections recovered equally well whether
antibiotics were prescribed or withheld. And another study (5) found
that osteopathic manipulation, in place of surgery, resulted in
significantly fewer episode of middle ear infection in children age 6
months to 6 years.
As
the years pass, impaired immune function begins to have an impact on the
body's ability to eliminate toxins. In a particularly nasty cycle,
as the body becomes more toxic, the immune system becomes even more
susceptible to allergy. But we'll save the topic of toxicity for its
own article another day.
What
is clear is that as some or several of these experiences begin to effect a
child, their immune system begins to be weakened. Depending on their
genetic gifts or lack of gifts, the day dawns when allergy or other
symptoms begin to appear, indicating that the stressors are getting the
upper hand on their little immune systems.
The
good news is that the sooner a parent (or an individual in adulthood)
begins to see what has happened to their immune function, the sooner they
can begin to reduce and eliminate these stressors. In children, I
have often seen a few days' worth of the elimination of dairy or wheat greatly
reduce or even eliminate all manner of symptoms of allergy. In
adults, the same strategy may be equally important. And both
children and adults can also benefit from an increased variety of foods,
the replacement of beneficial bacteria, and the elimination of
high fructose corn syrup. Adults may also benefit from liver
cleansing and support through the use of medical foods, guided
detoxification programs, and other nutritional supplements as
needed. If
you're an adult who suffers with the kinds of symptoms discussed here,
find a holistic health practitioner who can guide you.
(1) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2005;116:377-83.
(2) Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2006; 97:10-21.
(3) Chest, 2007; 131(6):1753-9. Epub 2007 Apr 5.
(4) Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 2003;157:861-6.